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Question: Discuss about the Household Waste Management. Answer: Sustainability is referred to the ability is to remain diverse and productive in the long-run. The primary principle related to the process of sustainability is the main agenda for sustainable development of the economy, which has various interrelated components that are mostly ecology, culture, economics and politics (Eilam and Reisfeld 2017). There are various problems that have confronted the reality of the society in the attainment of sustainability development. These problems are referred by various scholars to be the wicked problems because they cannot be clearly defined and have no such solutions, where the interest of stakeholders are optimal in nature. The wicked problems are therefore the set of unique difficulties that are regarded as the major symptoms of other problems. It is important to create solutions for the sustainability challenges as there is an urgent need in the society to change the conventional way of thinking and improve the current scenario (Chunlin and Chan 2015). Through system thinking it is possible to develop the required solutions for the present sustainability challenges. System thinking is the inter-disciplinary framework that is used in visualizing the relationship for knowing the desired patterns related to change (Bing et al. 2015). Though system thinking is termed to be old concept and is often regarded as the new way of thinking to manage and understand the current complex problems in both global and local manner. This method is also used for the development planners to act towards the investigation of economic and socio-environmental dimensions of sustainability. The major significance of the study is to understand the crucial fact that no wicked problem is caused in isolation but is a part of vast system of interconnected networks. Hence, system thinking is very crucial in developing solutions for such kind of problems. The main purpose is to evaluate the role and part of system thinking in a local and global sustainability challenges. One of the major wicked problems present in Australia is notably the household waste management, which are primarily the food wastes. System thinking is critical in developing solution to sustainability challenges is completely true and I completely agree with the statement. The approach outlines major systematic ways to address the existing issue. The major purpose of household waste management strategies are to clearly address the environmental, health, aesthetic, resources and all the economic concerns that are related with the ineffective or improper waste disposal (Schott and Andersson 2015). Australia is one of the developed economies and in the recent years the country is facing complex environmental problems than its economic profit. The nation has high challenges for its increasing population that lays more pressure for the services and shelters. The most primary wicked problem is household waste that comprises of mostly food wastes. The number of household waste has dramatically increased in Australia over the past few years. The only way to dispose the way is by dumping it unless the waste or garbage is easily recycled. There are various problems that make the household or solid waste wicked. The problems include attracting insects and rodents that harbor various diseases, pollute the soil, air and water. Waste disposal and its treatment releases greenhouse gases, which effects the climate globally (Thi, Kumar and Lin 2015). Though there are many agencies that encourages recycling but the amount of food wastes created in the country outweighs the quantity of materials that is recycled and used. The unsolved solid waste management issue is a great concern for its huge complexity. The household waste management caused due to irregular settlement, uncontrolled population, improper sewage and sanitary system, ineffective solid waste management and low environmental awareness. Household waste management is a wicked problem that can be solved by proper system dynamic analysis, which lays major emphasis on model testing. Model testing analysis helps in assessing the all the existing sub system. The subsystems such as quality of environment, waste management and population settlement are evaluated. Household waste management is a critical issue due to rise in global concerns of change in the consumption pattern and increased in urbanization. The household waste management is driven by the major five principles elements that are public health, resource scarcity, the environment, and climate change, value of waste and public awareness (Teirlinck 2015). Government interest in the disposal of food wastes leads to better disposal of waste management through proper enforcement, legislations and effective investment in the infrastructure and solid waste management. Public health legislation leads to drive waste management forward since the past few years. The first priority for the waste management is to collect and eradicate all the wastes from the vicinity of residential area (Garlapati 2016). After the removals of waste form the household areas, the next priorities are shifted to the other aspects of waste management chains like the proliferations of all the landfills. The environmental factor also helped in driving the waste management. It is characterized by the measures such as retrofitting incinerators and compacting of landfills for proper dust control. Waste hierarchy is an effective marketing strategy with effective hierarchy of waste handlings techniques. This techniques helpful in prevention of wastes from reduction, reuse, energy recovery, recycling, waste treatment like incineration and ultimately the landfill disposal. The diversity of ethnic and social groups often exists between the ethnic and social groups that exist in the ra pidly expanding cities. Public awareness and the people attitude towards food wastes can create a major impact on the overall household waste management system. From the storage of household waste to its separation, recycling, willingness to pay for the management services can effectively lead to the successful waste management. Heating and cooking with the solid fuel affects the composition of wastes by eliminating all such items like paper that results in adding hot, abrasive ashes to the water streams. Ineffective architecture like unpaved floors and brick housing can lead to large amount of soil and dust streams to enter in the waste stream. Moreover sanitary practices also influences the amount of excreta disposed in the waste. The socio-economic status at the household level also affects the composition of waste (Salemdeeb et al. 2017). Higher literacy further increases the quantity of paper content in the waste. In Australia, most of the people are affluent and they often choose to completely discard the durable wastes rather than repairing them. Integrated solid waste management is the current household waste management paradigm that is highly accepted throughout the developed economy (Abeliotis, Lasaridi and Chroni 2014). The Integrated waste management practices focuses on the integration of various interrelated entities and processes that develops the waste management system. This reduces the environmental impacts and also drives the cost down the cost and the system is highly market oriented and flexible in nature that leads to continual improvement. System thinking thus is concerned with the system alterations that lead to complex management systems. The wickedness of the problem can be dealt with the benefits of developing learning system. Integrated household waste management system is a flexible and market oriented approach that leads to continual improvement. The household waste management systems are also tailored to the particular community goals through incorporating stakeholders needs and perspectives. Rapidly increasing process of consumption and urbanization completely overload the waste management system and thus results in negative household waste management practices. Therefore, it can be concluded that system thinking plays a major role in systematic household and solid waste management. It is highly crucial for the country to adopt strongly participatory, adaptive system perspectives to develop real progress in the waste management practices References: Abeliotis, K., Lasaridi, K. and Chroni, C., 2014. Attitudes and behaviour of Greek households regarding food waste prevention.Waste Management Research,32(3), pp.237-240. Bing, X., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J., Chaabane, A. and van der Vorst, J., 2015. Global reverse supply chain redesign for household plastic waste under the emission trading scheme.Journal of cleaner production,103, pp.28-39. Chunlin, G.U.O. and Chan, C.C., 2015. Whole-system thinking, development control, key barriers and promotion mechanism for EV development.Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,3(2), pp.160-169. Eilam, B. and Reisfeld, D., 2017. 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